Our oceans support millions of people's livelihoods and well-being. Marine fisheries connect the vast ocean space and the world's fish markets, providing fish and other seafood on our tables. Today's drastic climate change is threatening fisheries worldwide, because the marine ecosystem is responding to climate-induced... click to read more

General theory of relativity was arguably one of the most groundbreaking scientific advancements of the past century. According to the theory, gravity is not a mere force but a manifestation of the curvature of an underlying space-time fabric. Since its initial formulation in 1915, it... click to read more

How did planets arise? How did the Earth become a unique planet with a habitable surface? A way to address these long-standing questions is to explore the "small bodies" of the Solar System. In addition to the planets and the satellites circuiting around them, our... click to read more

Determining the composition of Earth's current atmosphere is relatively straightforward, using direct measurements, remote sensing via satellites, and sampling by aircraft. It is far more complicated to determine the composition of Earth's past atmosphere, going as far back as 4.6 billion years ago. Bubbles in... click to read more

Sea-level rise will expose coastal communities around the world to increasingly destructive coastal erosion and flooding. This is especially true for coral reef islands, which are low elevation accumulations of loose sand and gravel that have become populated throughout the tropics. For atoll nations like... click to read more