Predicting how the climate on our planet is evolving is crucial, especially under the ongoing climate change. But it is a challenging task, because the Earth climate is a complex, ever-changing system, involving many different factors influencing each other: sunlight, atmospheric carbon dioxide, polar ice... click to read more

In the 21st Century, sea-level rise is one of the most pressing concerns for coastal communities worldwide. However, this is not the first time that humans have been forced to respond to rising sea levels. Sea‑level rise shapes coastlines, causes more frequent flooding events and... click to read more

The shape of Earth's surface can tell us a lot about what kinds of natural events have happened in a region and when. Heavy rainfall, for instance, causes rivers to swell, which can force a river to erode faster into its bed. This connection between... click to read more

Determining the composition of Earth's current atmosphere is relatively straightforward, using direct measurements, remote sensing via satellites, and sampling by aircraft. It is far more complicated to determine the composition of Earth's past atmosphere, going as far back as 4.6 billion years ago. Bubbles in... click to read more

The mild oscillation of Earth's axial tilt, or obliquity, over time is less than a few degrees and is one of the reasons that complex lifeforms prospered on our planet. Will this be true if the giant planets are replaced by a Sun-like star? Alpha... click to read more