Norse settlers, led by Erik the Red, developed the Eastern Settlement on southern Greenland in 985 CE. The Norse farmers raised cattle and sheep on cleared pastureland for sustenance. The settlement became quite successful and its estimated population reached to about 2000 people.  Then suddenly, they... click to read more

Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment in the past decade. In principle, cancer immunotherapy works by improving a patient's immune system to recognize and eliminate cancer cells. Our immune system detects and attacks foreign cells or substances, such as bacteria or viruses. Despite coming from... click to read more

The overwhelming majority of people attend a hospital ED for pain. The harsh ED environment, including long wait times and stark lighting, has been shown to increase patients’ perceived pain. In 2015, Saskatoon St. John Ambulance therapy dogs and their human handlers were the first to... click to read more

The bodies of multicellular organisms, including humans, are covered with commensal microbes, also called the microbiota. The majority of these are bacteria located in the gastrointestinal tract. The gut microbiota maintain many physiological functions including the development and maturation of the immune system. The microbiota... click to read more