In 1933, Fritz Zwicky, observing the Coma galaxy cluster, noted that single galaxies were moving too fast for the cluster to remain bound, according to the measure of visible mass. Only a far more significant amount of invisible matter could explain the strong gravitational force... click to read more

In the science fiction series Star Trek, first contact between species occurs on a galactic scale; a recurring theme whose consequences are richly developed and explored throughout the series. In infection biology, first contact of a susceptible host with an infectious agent, albeit on a... click to read more

We need energy to sustain modern life. In most tropical developing countries, such as Brazil, energy is produced mainly through hydropower. This usually requires building dams, which negatively impacts the environmental and socioeconomic situation in the area. Many such dams are planned in tropical rivers, such... click to read more

Today's climate change is dramatically reshaping environments and threatening society, countless animal and plant species, and sustainable agriculture. Scientists foresee that global warming is going to bring unpleasant outcomes, such as reductions in crops' yield and quality. Today's farmers need a way to adapt to... click to read more

The genetic material of any two humans is 99.9% identical, but the small differences that do exist between our genomes provide a record of the complex evolutionary history we have undergone as a species. Over the past decade, scientists have sequenced a large number of... click to read more