Oceanographers know how the deepest reaches of the ocean are filled: by very cold and dense waters formed in contact with the polar air and ice of Antarctica. These dense Antarctic waters plunge under their own weight and snake along the global seafloor at depths... click to read more

Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system, with an equatorial radius of 71,492 km (about 11 times that of the Earth). Like the Sun, Jupiter's interior is mainly composed of hydrogen and helium. In fact, the planet is catalogued as a gas giant,... click to read more

Clostridium difficile is a bacterium that causes hundreds of thousands of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea cases every year, and these infections often prove fatal. Usually, C. difficile is unable to cause disease as the bacterium is kept in check by the friendly bacteria in the gut; the... click to read more

Neonicotinoids are a highly controversial class of insecticides that are often applied as seed coatings for crops such as corn, soy and, canola. Neonicotinoids are systemic and water soluble; once treated-seeds are planted, the insecticides are taken up by the growing plant through the roots... click to read more

Gonorrhoea is a common bacterial infection caused by a bacteria called Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It is usually sexually transmitted and can cause complications such as an infection of the upper part of the female reproductive system (i.e. pelvic inflammatory disease), septic arthritis and heart muscle inflammation.... click to read more