Volcanoes shape the surface of the Earth, by bringing molten rock from the deep interior to the surface and creating the crust. The majority of the Earth’s volcanism happens at plate boundaries, so called inter-plate volcanism, including the mid-ocean ridges (like the East Pacific Rise... click to read more

Our neighboring planet Venus is often called Earth's "twin" due to similarities in size, mass, and chemical makeup, but it's also considered to be an unusual planet that scientists are still trying to understand. Whereas Earth's environment can host life, that of Venus is typically... click to read more

What's under our feet? Our planet has layered internal structures – the central inner and outer cores covered by mantle, crust, and the ground on which you are standing. While these layers are mostly solid, the outer core is liquid since it's extremely hot (around 3000°C)... click to read more