Have you ever wondered how plants can raise road surfaces and crack concrete? Unraveling this enigma requires understanding how plants grow and generate their shapes. Surprisingly, this simple question is still an open mystery. In all multicellular organisms, the space between adjacent cells is made up... click to read more

The beauty of a night filled with glowing fireflies is possible through a process called bioluminescence, which allows a living organism to emit light using a chemical reaction. Among the known bioluminescent organisms are different bacteria, as well as fireflies, jellyfish, and certain mushrooms. Organisms... click to read more

Most terrestrial ecosystems are currently dominated by seed plants, a large family encompassing conifers, deciduous trees, grasses and many others. One explanation for their incredible success comes from the structure that nourishes and protects the embryo during its early development - the seed. Inside the... click to read more

We worldwide face an increasing frequency of heat waves and drought. As a result, soil in the fields becomes drier, which reduces agricultural productivity. Therefore, it is important to better understand how the roots system of plants can be adapted to drier environments. We can... click to read more

Flowering plants living submerged in lakes or streams evolved from terrestrial ancestors. However, successful adaptations to living submerged required several adjustments in anatomy, morphology, and physiology. Nevertheless, all aquatic plants utilize CO2 in their photosynthesis to produce carbohydrates and release O2 as a waste product.... click to read more