Unlike our own Blue Planet, Mars is currently too cold to sustain liquid water at its surface. At first glance, Mars 4 billion years ago should have been even colder. Back then, the Sun's brightness was only about 70% of what it is today. Yet... click to read more

In 1933, Fritz Zwicky, observing the Coma galaxy cluster, noted that single galaxies were moving too fast for the cluster to remain bound, according to the measure of visible mass. Only a far more significant amount of invisible matter could explain the strong gravitational force... click to read more

We need energy to sustain modern life. In most tropical developing countries, such as Brazil, energy is produced mainly through hydropower. This usually requires building dams, which negatively impacts the environmental and socioeconomic situation in the area. Many such dams are planned in tropical rivers, such... click to read more

Today's climate change is dramatically reshaping environments and threatening society, countless animal and plant species, and sustainable agriculture. Scientists foresee that global warming is going to bring unpleasant outcomes, such as reductions in crops' yield and quality. Today's farmers need a way to adapt to... click to read more

The Polar Regions represent our early warning system for climate change and are thus closely watched by scientists around the world. On the scientists watchlist, Arctic sea ice is kept under careful observation. In fact, Arctic sea ice decline is one of the most glaring... click to read more