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The conundrum of spontaneous (un)cooperation in pine sawflies

It might seem that there is always someone who works a little less than others in a group. Especially if the participation in a collective effort comes with a price. This may be the case with groups of people aiming at a common goal and... click to read more

  • Antti Miettinen | Master student at Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
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  • Carita Lindstedt | Postdoctoral Research Fellow at Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
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pine sawflies
chemical defence
social behaviour
cooperation
cheating
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Reading time 3.5 min
published on Jan 25, 2019